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Publication Tag: Neuroscience

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2016
8 citations
Toward physiological indices of emotional state driving future ebook interactivity
van Erp, Hogervorst, van der Werf, Ysbrand
Ebooks of the future may respond to the emotional experience of the reader. physiological measures could capture a reader’s emotional state and use this to enhance the reading experience by adding matching sounds or to change the storyline, thereby creating a hybrid art form between literature and gaming. We describe the theoretical foundation of the emotional and creative brain and review the neurophysiological indices that can be used to drive future ebook interactivity in a real-life situation. As a case study, we report the neurophysiological measurements of a bestselling author during nine days of writing, which can potentially be used later to compare them to those of the readers. In designated calibration blocks, the artist wrote emotional paragraphs for emotional pictures. Analyses showed that we can reliably distinguish writing blocks from resting, but we found no reliable differences related to the emotional content of the writing. The study shows that measurements of EEG, heart rate , skin conductance, facial expression, and subjective ratings can be done over several hours a day and for several days in a row. In follow-up phases, we will measure 300 readers with a similar setup.
2015
58 citations
EEVEE: the Empathy-Enhancing Virtual Evolving Environment.
Jackson, Michon, Geslin, Carignan, Beaudoin
Empathy is a complex emotional and cognitive faculty often impaired in various psychopathologies, such as schizophrenia, and challenging to measure in real-world contexts. To address this, we developed the Empathy-Enhancing Virtual Evolving Environment , a platform comprising: avatars capable of expressing emotions at varying intensities based on the Facial Action Coding System ; systems for measuring observers’ physiological responses ; and a multimodal interface linking avatar behavior to observer responses. Validation data indicate that healthy adults can discern different negative emotions, including pain, expressed by avatars at varying intensities. Additionally, masking parts of an avatar’s face does not hinder the detection of different pain levels. EEVEE offers a unique tool to study and potentially modulate empathy in an ecological manner across various populations, notably those with neurological or psychiatric disorders.
2014
96 citations
Dynamics of autonomic nervous system responses and facial expressions to odors
He, Boesveldt, de Graaf, de Wijk
This study investigates the temporal dynamics of autonomic nervous system responses and facial expressions elicited by olfactory stimuli. Participants were exposed to pleasant and unpleasant odors while their ANS responses and facial expressions were recorded. Results indicated that unpleasant odors triggered immediate ANS activation and facial expressions of disgust, whereas pleasant odors elicited more gradual ANS responses and facial expressions of pleasure. These findings suggest that the human body reacts more swiftly and intensely to negative olfactory stimuli, highlighting the adaptive significance of rapid detection and response to potentially harmful substances. The study provides insights into the interplay between olfactory perception, emotional processing, and physiological reactions.
2017
16 citations
Positive facial expressions during retrieval of self-defining memories
Gandolphe, Nandrino, Delelis, Ducro, Lavallee, Saloppe, Moustafa, El Haj
This study investigates facial expressions during the retrieval of self-defining memories—vivid and emotionally intense memories of enduring concerns or unresolved conflicts. Participants self-rated the emotional valence of their self-defining memories, while autobiographical retrieval was analyzed using facial analysis software . This software synthesizes facial expression information to categorize expressions as neutral, happy, sad, surprised, angry, scared, or disgusted. Findings revealed that participants exhibited more emotional than neutral facial expressions during the retrieval of self-defining memories, with a predominance of positive over negative expressions. Interestingly, participants attributed positive valence to the retrieved memories. These findings demonstrate a consistency between facial expressions and the subjective emotional experience of self-defining memories, providing valuable physiological insights into the emotional experience of the past.
2017
49 citations
Facial reactions to violent and comedy films: Association with callous– unemotional traits and impulsive aggression
Fanti, Kyranides, Panayiotou
The study investigated facial reactions to violent and comedy films among individuals with varying levels of callous–unemotional traits and impulsive aggression . In Experiment 1, 82 participants’ facial expressions were recorded while watching these films, analyzed using FaceReader software. Results indicated that individuals with elevated CU traits exhibited reduced expressions of sadness and disgust during violent films, suggesting lower empathic concern for victims’ distress. Conversely, impulsive aggressors displayed more angry facial expressions when viewing both film types. Experiment 2, involving 86 participants, measured facial reactions via electromyography, confirming reduced corrugator muscle activity in response to violent films among those high in CU traits. Further analysis suggested that sympathy for victims mediated the relationship between CU traits and diminished facial reactions to violent films.

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