Scientific publications
Read about the research that supports the FaceReader Ecosystem
Over the past 20+ years, our facial coding platform and its embedded technologies have been the subject as well as the preferred instrument for numerous accredited scientific studies. Below we present a comprehensive overview of the literature that has emerged from these studies, highlighting and validating the cutting-edge technology of FaceReader Online.
2016
32 citations
Embodied resistance to persuasion in advertising
P. Lewinski, M.L. Fransen and E.S. Tan
From the literature on resistance to persuasion in advertising, much is known about how people can resist advertising by adopting resistance strategies, such as avoidance, counter-arguing, and selective attention (e.g., Fransen et al., 2015b). However, the role of emotion regulation and bodily expression in resisting persuasion is so far underexplored. This is a surprising observation if one considers that at least 40% of advertisements use positive emotions (i.e., happiness) to persuade people to like the ad, brand, and product (Weinberger et al., 1995). In this article we present a framework in which we apply previous knowledge and theories on emotion regulation and embodiment to the process of resistance to persuasion. In doing so, we specifically address the role of facial expression in the course of resistance. The literature and findings from our own research lead us to propose that people can resist persuasion by controlling their facial expression of emotion when exposed to an advertisement. Controlling the expression of emotions elicited by an ad (for example refusing to smile) might be a fruitful way to resist the ad’s persuasive potential. Moreover, we argue that co-viewers can affect embodied resistance to persuasion. Showing the viability of embodied resistance to persuasion is relevant in view of the fact that ads trying to persuade us by addressing our positive emotions are ubiquitous. Embodied resistance might help people to cope with these induced positive emotions in order to resist advertisements and might therefore work as a novel and effective strategy to resist persuasion.
2016
40 citations
Consumer facial expression in relation to smoked ham with the use of face reading technology . The methodological aspects and informative value of research results
Kostyra, Rambuszek, Waszkiewicz-Robak, Laskowski, Blicharski, Polawska,
The study determined the emotional reactions of consumers in relation to hams using face visualization method, which was recorded by FaceReader . The aims of the research were to determine the effect of the ham samples on the type of emotion, to examine more deeply the individual emotional reactions of consumers and to analyse the emotional variability with regard to the temporal measurement of impressions. The research involved testing the effectiveness of measuring emotions in response to the ongoing flavour impression after consumption of smoked hams. It was found that for all of the assessed samples, neutral and negative emotions prevailed as the overall emotions recorded during the assessment of the taste/flavour impression. The range of variability of the overall emotions depended more on the consumer reactions and less on the properties of the assessed product. Consumers expressed various emotions in time and the ham samples evoked different emotional reactions as an effect of duration of the impression.
2016
38 citations
It’s a two-way street: Automatic and controlled processes in children’s emotional responses to moral transgressions
Dys & Malti
This study examined children’s automatic, spontaneous emotional reactions to everyday moral transgressions and their relations with self-reported emotions, which are more complex and infused with controlled cognition. We presented children with six everyday moral transgression scenarios in an experimental setting, and both their spontaneous facial emotional reactions and self-reported emotions in the role of the transgressor were recorded. We found that across age, self-reported guilt was positively associated with spontaneous fear, and self-reported anger was positively related to spontaneous sadness. In addition, we found a developmental increase in spontaneous sadness and decrease in spontaneous happiness. These results support the importance of automatic and controlled processes in evoking children’s emotional responses to everyday moral transgressions. We conclude by providing potential explanations for how automatic and controlled processes function in children’s everyday moral experiences and how these processes may change with age.
2016
30 citations
More emotional facial expressions during episodic than during semantic autobiographical retrieval
El Haj, Antoine, Nandrino
There is a substantial body of research on the relationship between emotion and autobiographical memory. Using facial analysis software, our study addressed this relationship by investigating basic emotional facial expressions that may be detected during autobiographical recall. Participants were asked to retrieve 3 autobiographical memories, each of which was triggered by one of the following cue words: happy, sad, and city. The autobiographical recall was analyzed by a software for facial analysis that detects and classifies basic emotional expressions. Analyses showed that emotional cues triggered the corresponding basic facial expressions . Furthermore, we dissociated episodic and semantic retrieval, observing more emotional facial expressions during episodic than during semantic retrieval, regardless of the emotional valence of cues. Our study provides insight into facial expressions that are associated with emotional autobiographical memory. It also highlights an ecological tool to reveal physiological changes that are associated with emotion and memory.
2016
56 citations
What facial appearance reveals over time: When perceived expressions in neutral faces reveal stable emotion dispositions
Adams, Garrido, Albohn, Hess, Kleck
This study investigates whether neutral facial expressions can reveal individuals’ stable emotional dispositions, particularly focusing on age and gender differences. Through a series of experiments, the researchers found that perceived expressions in neutral faces predicted self-reported positive affect, but this effect was significant only for elderly women. The findings suggest that age-related facial changes may convey information about a person’s emotional disposition, with gender differences potentially influencing these perceptions. The study highlights the complex interplay between facial appearance, age, gender, and perceived emotional states.
2016
26 citations
The effect of savoury plants, fermented with lactic acid bacteria, on the microbiological contamination, quality, and acceptability of unripened curd cheese
Mozuriene, Bartkiene, Juodeikiene, et al
Five bacteriocin-producing lactic acid bacteria strains were selected to ferment Satureja montana L. and Rhaponticum carthamoides plants. The resulting bioproducts were incorporated into unripened curd cheese. LAB counts in these bioproducts ranged from 7.46 to 9.42 log10 CFU/g, varying with the LAB strain and plant species. Pediococcus pentosaceus KTU05-8 demonstrated adaptability in both plant media under submerged and solid-state fermentation. Fermentation of Sm and Rc with LAB significantly reduced mesophilic bacteria spores, enterobacteria, yeast, and fungi. Adding these bioproducts to curd cheese lowered pH, increased titratable acidity, enhanced volatile compounds , and improved cheese acceptability. Compared to non-fermented Sm, Lactobacillus sakei-fermented bioproducts reduced biogenic amine content in cheese.